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Although Medicare and Medigap policies provide elderly insureds with protection against the cost of medical care, these programs do not provide coverage for long-term custodial or nursing home care. Medicare will cover nursing home care if it is part of the treatment for a covered injury or illness. Medicare and Medicare supplements pay for skilled nursing care, but the coverage is limited. Medicaid does pay for nursing home care, but it provides coverage only for those that qualify with low income and low assets.
Medicare does not pay for more than 100 days in a skilled nursing facility, and even then, it does not cover 100% of the cost. Medi-Cal can pay for skilled or other levels of long-term care in a facility, but Medi-Cal has to meet "spend down" tests and "asset recovery" after death.
A person could pay for some or all the expenses of long-term care out of their own resources, the resources of family members or others. But LTC insurance may be the most cost-effective means of maintaining ones independence, physically and financially.